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Introduction to
C Language
C language
in the browser
C language
in the browser
Read it right next to your computer. Book version bitter C
Read it right next to your computer. Book version bitter C
Read it right next to your computer. Book version bitter C
Read it right next to your computer. Book version bitter C

learn through suffering C language

learn through suffering
C language

About Suffering

Foreword
Hello to all of you diligent people who even read the introduction.
The author originally developed free software, among other things.
There are three reasons why I created 苦Ｃ.

One issue is that the C programming class at my university (or the university I attend) is quite lax.
There's a tendency to overuse poorly explained C terminology and include unnecessary details as well.
It seems the reality is that programming itself is quite close to a copy of the source.

The second is that recently, the author has been feeling a lack of vitality in their life.
The author, until recently, had been passionately involved in developing freeware.
Lately, within my skill set, I've run out of software I want to create.
I had let things drift and was just letting the days go by.

The third is a review of C programming.
Up until recently, I've been studying various new languages and concepts.
I've realized that a solid foundation in C is crucial for keeping up with new things.

For these reasons, the author decided to write an introductory C language tutorial on their own and publish it online.
I thought it would add some rhythm to my life and also serve as a review of C.

In short, the reason the author is publishing a C language introduction this way is...
Not out of a volunteer spirit to have everyone learn C for free,
Simply, it started as something I did for my own learning and entertainment.
ちなみに筆者は、ボランティアとただ働きは同義語であると考えております。

When writing Kutsū C, the goal was to create pages that are as readable as those in a paper magazine, with a comfortable number of characters.
I've made every effort to incorporate explanations closely aligned with the actual implementation of the C language.
Furthermore, it won't stop at the fragmented explanations common to similar sites.
"It explains all the key features of the C language in a systematic way, much like a commercially published book."
With enough motivation, it's designed to let you master the basics of C programming using just C compiler.

Kutsu C is for those who are just starting to program or learning the C language.
I'm not sure it's optimal, but I think it's a promising option.

Author MMGames/Masahiro Moriguchi


About This Site

Learning C language through suffering (Kushi C) is
This is the definitive introduction to the C language.
It systematically explains the basic functions of the C language.
The quality is equal to or higher than commercially available books.

Part 0: Program Overview
  1. What is a program?
Chapter 1: The World's Smallest Program
  1. A do-nothing program.
  2. A compiler is a translation software.
  3. Practice Problem 1
Chapter 2: How to Write Programs
  1. Rules of Writing
  2. Conventions of writing
  3. Practice Problem 2
Chapter 3: Displaying on the Screen
  1. String Display
  2. newline character
  3. Practice Problem 3
Chapter 4: Displaying and Calculating Numbers
  1. Display of numbers
  2. Basic calculations
  3. Numeric types
  4. Practice Problem 4
Chapter 5: Numerical Memory and Calculation
  1. Memorizing numbers.
  2. Types of Variables
  3. Type conversion
  4. Number formatting
  5. Practice Problem 5
Chapter 6: Input from the Keyboard
  1. input function
  2. The fear of input
  3. Practice Problem 6
Chapter 7: Comparison and Judgment
  1. Comparative sentences
  2. Comparison operators
  3. Execution of multiple processes
  4. Problem 7
Chapter 8: Performing Case-by-Case Processing
  1. Two cases
  2. Cases with three or more possibilities.
  3. Case by case basis
  4. Practice Problem 8
Chapter 9: Repeating a Fixed Number of Times
  1. Iterative sentence
  2. How Loops Work
  3. Practice Problem 9
Chapter 10: Repeating Without Knowing the Number of Times
  1. Unspecified loop
  2. Input validation
  3. Practice Problem 10
Chapter 11: How to Create Functions
  1. Creating custom functions
  2. Passing a number to a function.
  3. Return a number from a function.
  4. Practice Problem 11
Chapter 12: Variable Lifetime
  1. Variables with limited scope
  2. The last variable standing
  3. Variables that survive within a function
  4. Practice Problem 12
Chapter 13: Handling Multiple Variables at Once
  1. Handling multiple variables collectively.
  2. Arrays
  3. Practice Problem 13
Chapter 14: How to handle strings
  1. Handling Characters
  2. Ways to handle strings
  3. String manipulation functions
  4. Practice Problem 14
Chapter 15: How Pointer Variables Work
  1. The Mechanism of Memory
  2. Variables and Memory
  3. &付けが必要なvariableの正体
  4. Variable to store an address
  5. Let's try using pointer variables.
  6. Passing information through arguments
  7. &The Peculiar Relationship Between Arrays and Pointers
  8. Practice Problem 15
Chapter 16: Combining Multiple Types
  1. Combining variables of different types.
  2. Structure arguments
  3. Array of Structures
  4. Practice Problem 16
Chapter 17: Handling Files
  1. Reading and writing text files
  2. Reading and writing binary files
  3. Drug response
  4. Practice Problem 17
Chapter 18: Macro Functions
  1. Handling Immutable Values
  2. Constants by other means
  3. Implementing simple functions.
  4. Practice Problem 18
Chapter 19: Dynamic Arrays
  1. Create arrays freely.
  2. Practice Problem 19
Chapter 20: Multiple Source Files
  1. Minimal partitioning
  2. The Divide Principle
  3. Practice Problem 20
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